19
JulyCambridge IELTS 16 Academic Test 1 Reading
IELTS Tests
Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic
Authentic Practice Tests
Test 1
Listening Vocabulary and Explanation Part 1
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Why we need to protect polar bears
A
Adipose adjective [ before noun ]
UK /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊz/ US /ˈæd.ə.poʊs/
relating to animal fat ( chất béo )
tissue noun
UK /ˈtɪʃ.uː/ /ˈtɪs.juː/ US /ˈtɪʃ.uː/ /ˈtɪs.juː/
a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose, and form the stated part of the animal or plant:
human tissue
obese adjective
UK /əʊˈbiːs/ US /oʊˈbiːs/
extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health ( béo phì )
She was not just overweight; she was clinically obese.
suffer verb
US /ˈsʌf·ər/
to experience or show the effects of something bad ( chịu đựng )
About 50,000 bicyclists suffer serious head injuries each year.
Diabetes noun [ U ]
UK /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.tiːz/ US /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.t̬əs/
a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood ( tiểu đường )
consequence noun [ C ]
UK /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/ US /ˈkɑːn.sə.kwəns/
a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient ( hậu quả )
Not making a will can have serious consequences for your children and other family members.
B
Genetic adjective
UK /dʒəˈnet.ɪk/ US /dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/
belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents ( gen )
structure noun
UK /ˈstrʌk.tʃər/ US /ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ/
the way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way ( cấu trúc )
the grammatical structure of a sentence
density noun
UK /ˈden.sɪ.ti/ US /ˈden.sə.t̬i/
the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place ( sự dày đặc )
The area has a high/low population density.
C
Dig verb
UK /dɪɡ/ US /dɪɡ/
to form a hole by moving soil ( đào, bới )
The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machinery.
The dog was digging a hole to hide its bone in.
Maternity noun [ U ]
UK /məˈtɜː.nə.ti/ US /məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i/
the state of being a mother ( mang thai )
cub noun [ C ]
UK /kʌb/ US /kʌb/
a young lion, bear, wolf, etc. ( con )
A mother bear is fiercely protective of her cubs.
Deplete verb [ T ]
UK /dɪˈpliːt/ US /dɪˈpliːt/
to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc.:
If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
Reserve verb
UK /rɪˈzɜːv/ US /rɪˈzɝːv/
to keep something for a particular purpose or time ( dự trữ )
I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and answering letters.
Dense adjective
UK /dens/ US /dens/
having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through ( đặc )
dense fog
D
Emerge verb [ I ]
UK /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ US /ɪˈmɝːdʒ/
to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something ( hiện ra )
She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.
evidence noun
UK /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ US /ˈev.ə.dəns/
one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true ( bằng chứng )
The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the murder.
Mechanism noun [ C ]
UK /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/ US /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/
a way of doing something that is planned or part of a system ( cơ chế )
The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.
Bedridden adjective
UK /ˈbed.rɪd.ən/ US /ˈbed.rɪd.ən/
having to stay in bed because of illness or injury:
His aunt was 93 and bedridden.
Potentially adverb
UK /pəˈten.ʃəl.i/ US /poʊˈten.ʃəl.i/
possibly ( có khả năng )
Hepatitis is a potentially fatal disease.
E
perceive verb [ T ]
UK /pəˈsiːv/ US /pɚ-/
to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something ( nhận thức )
How do the French perceive the British?
Violent adjective
UK /ˈvaɪə.lənt/ US /ˈvaɪə.lənt/
using force to hurt or attack ( bạo lực )
He yells a lot but I don't think he's ever been physically violent towards her.
Observe verb
UK /əbˈzɜːv/ US /əbˈzɝːv/
to watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it ( quan sát )
The role of scientists is to observe and describe the world, not to try to control it.
[ + question word ] He spent a year in the jungle,
Manipulate verb
UK /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/ US /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/
to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly ( thao túng )
Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.
Occasion noun
UK /əˈkeɪ.ʒən/ US /əˈkeɪ.ʒən/
a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened ( dịp )
We met on several occasions to discuss the issue.
Dislodge verb [ T ]
UK /dɪˈslɒdʒ/ US /dɪˈslɑːdʒ/
to remove something or someone, especially by force, from a fixed position:
The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof.
UK /ɪnˈvɒlv/ US /ɪnˈvɑːlv/
If an activity, situation, etc. involves something, that thing is a part of the activity, etc. ( bao gồm )
Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes.
Barrel noun [ C ]
UK /ˈbær.əl/ US /ˈber.əl/
a large container, made of wood, metal, or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle ( thùng )
They drank a whole barrel of beer (= the contents of a barrel) at the party.
attempt noun
UK /əˈtempt/ US /əˈtempt/
the act of trying to do something, especially something difficult ( sự cố gắng )
[ + to infinitive ] She made a few half-hearted attempts to join in their conversation.
F
Deliberate adjective
UK /dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/ US /dɪˈlɪb.ɚ.ət/
(often of something bad) intentional or planned ( cố ý )
a deliberate attack/insult/lie
manipulation noun [ C or U ]
UK /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ US /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
controlling someone or something to your own advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly ( thao túng )
They have been accused of fraud and stock market manipulations.
G
Anecdotal adjective
UK /ˌæn.ɪkˈdəʊ.təl/ US /ˌæn.ɪkˈdoʊ.t̬əl/
Anecdotal information is not based on facts or careful study ( không chính xác )
anecdotal evidence
hit out — phrasal verb with hit verb
UK /hɪt/ US /hɪt/
to criticize something or someone strongly ( chỉ trích )
The Medical Association yesterday hit out at government cuts in healthcare services.
frustration noun
UK frʌsˈtreɪ.ʃən/ US /frʌsˈtreɪ.ʃən/
the feeling of being annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want, or something that makes you feel like this ( thất vọng )
I could sense his frustration at not being able to help.
The Step Pyramid of Djoser
A
Evolution noun
UK /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/ /ˌev.əˈluː.ʃən/ US /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/ /ˌev.əˈluː.ʃən/
a gradual process of change and development ( tiến hóa )
the evolution of language
Monument noun
UK /ˈmɒn.jə.mənt/ US /ˈmɑːn.jə.mənt/
a structure or building that is built to honour a special person or event ( đài kỉ niệm )
In the square in front of the hotel stands a monument to all the people killed in the war.
B
conceive verb
UK /kənˈsiːv/ US /kənˈsiːv/
to imagine something ( tưởng tượng )
I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.
Impressive adjective
UK /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/ US /ɪmˈpres.ɪv/
If an object or achievement is impressive, you admire or respect it, usually because it is special, important, or very large ( ấn tượng )
That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis player.
progressively adverb
UK /prəˈɡres.ɪv.li/ US /prəˈɡres.ɪv.li/
gradually ( dần dần )
My eyesight has got progressively worse over the years.
reign verb [ I ]
UK /reɪn/ US /reɪn/
to be the king or queen of a country
Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901.
attribute verb [ T, usually passive ]
UK /əˈtrɪbjuːt/
to say or think that something is the result of a particular thing ( cho rằng )
attribute sth to sth Her success can be attributed to three main factors.
C
enormous adjective
UK /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ US /əˈnɔːr.məs/
inward adjective
UK /ˈɪn.wəd/ US /ˈɪn.wɚd/
on or towards the inside ( hướng nội )
The force pushes the object in an inward direction.
Incline verb
UK /ɪnˈklaɪn/ US /ɪnˈklaɪn/
to (cause to) slope at a particular angle ( nghiêng )
The ground inclined steeply towards the ridge in the distance.
Prevent verb
UK /prɪˈvent/ US /prɪˈvent/
to stop something from happening or someone from doing something ( ngăn cản )
Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.
D
Complex adjective
UK /ˈkɒm.pleks/ /kəmˈpleks/ US /kɑːmˈpleks/ /ˈkɑːm.pleks/
difficult to understand or find an answer to because of having many different parts ( phức tạp )
It's a very complex issue to which there is no straightforward answer.
Ancient adjective
UK /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/ US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/
of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time ( cổ )
ancient civilizations/rights/laws
in advance
before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing ( trước )
If you're going to come, please let me know in advance.
E
Burial noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˈber.i.əl/ US /ˈber.i.əl/
the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony connected with this ( mai táng )
We went back to Ireland for my uncle's burial.
Chamber noun
UK /ˈtʃeɪm.bər/ US /ˈtʃeɪm.bɚ/
a room used for a special or official purpose, or a group of people who form (part of) a parliament:
Meetings of the council are held in the council chamber.
Dig verb
UK /dɪɡ/ US /dɪɡ/
to form a hole by moving soil ( đào, bới )
The tunnel was dug with the aid of heavy machinery.
The dog was digging a hole to hide its bone in.
Beneath preposition
UK /bɪˈniːθ/ US /bɪˈniːθ/
in or to a lower position than someone or something, under someone or something ( ở dưới )
Jaime hid the letter beneath a pile of papers.
Vast adjective
UK /vɑːst/ US /væst/
A vast audience watched the broadcast.
Maze noun [ C ]
UK /meɪz/ US /meɪz/
a complicated system of paths or passages that people try to find their way through for entertainment ( mê cung )
tunnel noun [ C ]
UK /ˈtʌn.əl/ US /ˈtʌn.əl/
a long passage under or through the ground, especially one made by people ( đường hầm )
The train went into the tunnel.
Discourage verb [ T ]
UK /dɪˈskʌr.ɪdʒ/ US /dɪˈskɝː.ɪdʒ/
to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic, and positive about something, or less willing to do something ( nản lòng )
The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.
vessel noun
UK /ˈves.əl/ US /ˈves.əl/
a large boat or a ship ( tàu thuyền )
a cargo/fishing/naval/patrol/sailing/supply vessel
F
archaeologist noun
(US also archeologist)
UK /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ US /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒɪst/
someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past ( nhà khảo cổ học )
overlook verb
UK /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/
to provide a view of, especially from above ( quan sát )
Our hotel room overlooked the harbour.
Throughout preposition, adverb
UK /θruːˈaʊt/ US /θruːˈaʊt/
in every part, or during the whole period of time: ( từ đầu đến cuối )
People throughout the country are out of work.
Complex adjective
UK /ˈkɒm.pleks/ /kəmˈpleks/ US /kɑːmˈpleks/ /ˈkɑːm.pleks/
difficult to understand or find an answer to because of having many different parts ( phức tạp )
It's a very complex issue to which there is no straightforward answer.
astonish verb [ T ]
UK /əˈstɒn.ɪʃ/ US /əˈstɑː.nɪʃ/
to surprise someone very much ( kinh ngạc )
I was astonished by how much she'd grown.
excavate verb [ I or T ]
UK /ˈek.skə.veɪt/ US /ˈek.skə.veɪt/
to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past ( khai quật )
Ice age bones are being excavated in the caves.
G
Revolutionary adjective
UK /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i/ US /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.er.i/
involved in or relating to a revolution ( cách mạng )
a revolutionary leader/movement
advance noun
UK /ədˈvɑːns/ US /ədˈvæns/
the forward movement of something, or an improvement or development in something ( tiến bộ )
Nothing could stop the advance of the floodwaters.
architecture noun
UK /ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/ US /ˈɑːr.kə.tek.tʃɚ/
the art and practice of designing and making buildings ( nghành kiến trúc )
to study architecture
archetype noun [ C ]
UK /ˈɑː.kɪ.taɪp/ US /ˈɑːr.kə.taɪp/
a typical example of something, or the original model of something from which others are copied ( nguyên mẫu )
The United States is the archetype of a federal society.
The future of work
A
Consultancy noun
UK /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/ US /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/
a company that gives advice on a particular subject ( tư vấn )
a management/financial/recruitment consultancy
workforce noun [ C, + sing/pl verb ]
UK /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/ US /ˈwɝːk.fɔːrs/
the group of people who work in a company, industry, country, etc. ( lực lượng lao động )
The majority of factories in the region have a workforce of 50 to 100 (people).
Occupation noun
UK /ˌɒk.jəˈpeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɑː.kjəˈpeɪ.ʃən/
a person's job:
In the space marked "occupation" she wrote "police officer".
UK /əˈdæpt/ US /əˈdæpt/
to change, or to change something, to suit different conditions or uses ( thích nghi, thích ứng )
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
Evolve verb
UK /ɪˈvɒlv/ US /ɪˈvɑːlv/
to develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop gradually ( phát triển )
Alongside preposition, adverb
UK /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ US /əˈlɑːŋ.saɪd/
next to, or together with ( cùng với )
A car pulled up alongside (ours).
Capable adjective
UK /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/ US /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/
able to do things effectively and skilfully, and to achieve results ( có khả năng )
She's a very capable woman/worker/judge.
B
Fundamental adjective
UK /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/ US /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/
forming the base, from which everything else develops ( cơ bản )
We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
dependent adjective
UK /dɪˈpen.dənt/ US /dɪˈpen.dənt/
needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating ( phụ thuộc )
He has three dependent children.
C
Outperform verb [ T ]
UK /ˌaʊt.pəˈfɔːm/ US /ˌaʊt.pɚˈfɔːrm/
to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type ( vượt trội )
The company has consistently outperformed its rivals this season.
Attract verb
UK /əˈtrækt/ US /əˈtrækt/
(of people, things, places, etc.) to pull or draw someone or something towards them, by the qualities they have, especially good ones ( thu hút )
These flowers are brightly coloured in order to attract butterflies.
Enhance verb
UK /ɪnˈhɑːns/ US /ɪnˈhæns/
to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something ( nâng cao )
These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.
Algorithm noun [ C ]
UK /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/ US /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/
a set of mathematical instructions or rules that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a problem ( thuật toán )
Music apps use algorithms to predict the probability that fans of one particular band will like another.
Productivity noun [ U ]
UK /ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/ US /ˌproʊ.dəkˈtɪv.ə.t̬i/
the rate at which a company or country makes goods, usually judged in connection with the number of people and the amount of materials necessary to produce the goods ( năng suất )
Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.
F
creep verb [ I usually + adv/prep ]
UK /kriːp/ US /kriːp/
to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed:
She turned off the light and crept through the door.
alternative adjective
uk /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv/ us /ɑːlˈtɝː.nə.t̬ɪv/
An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one ( lựa chọn 1 trong 2 )
The opposition parties have so far failed to set out an alternative strategy.
Exploration noun [ C or U ]
UK /ˌek.spləˈreɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌek.spləˈreɪ.ʃən/
the activity of searching and finding out about something ( khám phá )
Livingstone was the first European to make an exploration of the Zambezi river (= to travel to it in order to discover more about it).
experimentation noun [ U ]
UK /ɪkˌsper.ɪ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/ US /ɪkˌsper.ə.menˈteɪ.ʃən/
the process of trying methods, activities, etc. to discover what effect they have ( thử nghiệm )
Children need the opportunity for experimentation.
instinct noun
UK /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/ US /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/
the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it ( bản năng )
All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.
Discourage verb [ T ]
UK /dɪˈskʌr.ɪdʒ/ US /dɪˈskɝː.ɪdʒ/
to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic, and positive about something, or less willing to do something ( nản lòng )
The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.
G
colleague noun
UK /ˈkɒl.iːɡ/ US /ˈkɑː.liːɡ/
one of a group of people who work together ( đồng nghiệp )
We're entertaining some colleagues of Carol's tonight.
observe verb
UK /əbˈzɜːv/ US /əbˈzɝːv/
to watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it ( quan sát )
The role of scientists is to observe and describe the world, not to try to control it.
UK /ˈstræt.ə.dʒi/ US /ˈstræt̬.ə.dʒi/
a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport, or the skill of planning for such situations ( chiến lược )
Algorithm noun [ C ]
UK /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/ US /ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm/
a set of mathematical instructions or rules that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a problem ( thuật toán )
Music apps use algorithms to predict the probability that fans of one particular band will like another.
H
Scenario noun [ C ]
UK /sɪˈnɑː.ri.əʊ/ US /səˈner.i.oʊ/
a description of possible actions or events in the future ( kịch bản )
There are several possible scenarios.
Avoid verb [ T ]
UK /əˈvɔɪd/ US /əˈvɔɪd/
to stay away from someone or something ( tránh xa )
I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy.
Objective noun [ C ]
UK /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/ US /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
something that you plan to do or achieve ( mục tiêu )
Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power.
Trustworthy adjective
UK /ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/ US /ˈtrʌstˌwɝː.ði/
able to be trusted ( đáng tin cậy )
transparent adjective
UK /trænˈspær.ənt/ US /trænˈsper.ənt/
clear and easy to understand or recognize:
I think we should try to make the instructions more transparent.
Dilemma noun [ C ]
UK /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪˈlem.ə/ US /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪˈlem.ə/
a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do ( tình trạng khó xử )
The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.
Regarding preposition
UK /rɪˈɡɑː.dɪŋ/ US /rɪˈɡɑːr.dɪŋ/
about:
The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.
Expertise noun [ U ]
UK /ˌek.spɜːˈtiːz/ US /ˌek.spɝːˈtiːz/
a high level of knowledge or skill ( chuyên môn )
We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.
Occupational adjective [ before noun ]
UK /ˌɒk.jəˈpeɪ.ʃən.əl/ US /ˌɑː.kjəˈpeɪ.ʃən.əl/
relating to or caused by your job ( nghề nghiệp )
Back problems are an occupational hazard (= a risk that you take in a job) for any desk-bound office worker.
Boundary noun [ C ]
UK ˈbaʊn.dər.i/ US /ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something ( ranh giới )
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
I
Trajectory noun [ C ]
UK /trəˈdʒek.tər.i/ US /trəˈdʒek.tɚ.i/
the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air ( quỹ đạo )
the trajectory of a bullet/missile
pension noun [ C ]
UK /ˈpen.ʃən/ US /ˈpen.ʃən/
an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or have become ill ( lương hưu )
US a government pension
Envisage verb
UK /ɪnˈvɪz.ɪdʒ/ US /ɪnˈvɪz.ɪdʒ/
to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good ( hình dung )
Train fare increases of 15 percent are envisaged for the next year.
J
Prediction noun [ C or U ]
UK /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/ US /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/
a statement about what you think will happen in the future ( dự đoán )
Please don't ask me to make any predictions about tomorrow's meeting.
Fallacy noun [ C ]
UK /ˈfæl.ə.si/ US /ˈfæl.ə.si/
an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false ( ngụy biện )
[ + that ] It is a common fallacy that women are worse drivers than men.
carry sth out — phrasal verb with carry verb
UK /ˈkær.i/ US /ˈker.i/
to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do ( thực hiện )
Dr Carter is carrying out research on early Christian art.
L
Automation noun [ U ]
UK /ˌɔː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɑː.t̬əˈmeɪ.ʃən/
the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control ( tự động hóa )
redundancy noun [ C or U ]
UK /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/ US /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/
a situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them:
The economic downturn has meant 10,000 redundancies in the Northeast.
Policy noun
UK /ˈpɒl.ə.si/ US /ˈpɑː.lə.si/
a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party ( chính sách )
They believe that Europe needs a common foreign and security policy.
UK /ˈtæk.əl/ US /ˈtæk.əl/
to try to deal with something or someone ( giải quyết )
There are many ways of tackling this problem.
M
Seize verb
UK /siːz/ US /siːz/
to take something quickly and keep or hold it:
I seized his arm and made him turn to look at me.
Enorce verb
UK /ɪnˈfɔːs/ US /ɪnˈfɔːrs/
to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted ( thúc ép )
It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
Leisure noun [ U ]
UK /ˈleʒ.ər/ US /ˈliː.ʒɚ/
the time when you are not working or doing other duties:
leisure activities
pre-empt verb [ T ]
UK /ˌpriːˈempt/ US /ˌpriːˈempt/
to do or say something before someone so that you make their words or actions unnecessary or not effective:
The minister held a press conference in order to pre-empt criticism in the newspapers.
Guarantee verb
UK /ˌɡær.ənˈtiː/ US /ˌɡer.ənˈtiː/
to promise that something will happen or exist ( đảm bảo )
[ + two objects ] European Airlines guarantees its customers top-quality service.
Democracy noun
UK /dɪˈmɒk.rə.si/ US /dɪˈmɑː.krə.si/
the belief in freedom and equality between people, or a system of government based on this belief, in which power is either held by elected representatives or directly by the people themselves ( dân chủ )
The government has promised to uphold the principles of democracy.
Thriving adjective
UK /ˈθraɪ.vɪŋ/ US /ˈθraɪ.vɪŋ/
growing, developing, or being successful:
a thriving economy
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